Hafez$95651$ - translation to English
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Hafez$95651$ - translation to English

SYRIAN STATESMAN AND MILITARY OFFICER (1930–2000)
Hafiz Al-Asad; Hafez al-Asad; Hafez Assad; Hafiz al-Assad; Hafiz al-Asad; Hafez Al-Asad; Hafez Al-Assad; Hafez el Assad; Hafez al- Assad; Hafez al Assad; Hafez al-assad; Hafis al-Assad; Hafez Asad; Hafiz Asad; Hafid al-Assad; Hafed al-Assad; Hafez Al Assad; Hafez el-Assad; Correction Movement; Hafez al Asaad; Foreign policy of Hafez al-Assad; Hafez el ASSAD; Hafez al ASSAD; Hafez El Assad; Hafez al Asad; Hefez al Assad; President Assad (senior)
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  • Majid]] and [[Bushra al-Assad]], circa 1992-93.
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  • Assad, Algerian President Houari Boumediene and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in 1977.
  • General Hafez al-Assad in 1970.
  • Assad and Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani in Teheran, 1997.
  • Assad in early 1980s.
  • Hafez al-Assad (above) standing on the wing of a [[Fiat G.46]]-4B with fellow cadets at the Syrian AF Academy outside [[Aleppo]], 1951–52
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  • Assad (center) and [[Nureddin al-Atassi]] (left) meeting with [[Egyptian President]] [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], 1969
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  • Assad greeting [[Richard Nixon]] on the latter's arrival at [[Damascus Airport]], 15 July 1974
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  • Assad (''r'') with his brother, [[Rifaat al-Assad]], 1980s
  • Tabqa Dam (center), built-in 1974
  • Assad's first inauguration as president in the People's Council, March 1971. L–R: Assad, Abdullah al-Ahmar, Prime Minister [[Abdul Rahman Khleifawi]], Assistant Regional Secretary [[Mohamad Jaber Bajbouj]], Foreign Minister Abdul Halim Khaddam and People's Council Speaker [[Fihmi al-Yusufi]]. In the third civilian row are Defense Minister Mustafa Tlass (MP in the 1971 Parliament) and Air Force Commander Naji Jamil. Behind Tlass is Rifaat al-Assad, Assad's younger brother. On the far right in the fourth row is future vice president [[Zuhair Masharqa]], and behind Abdullah al-Ahmar is Deputy Prime Minister [[Mohammad Haidar]].

Hafez      
n. Hafez, nome proprio arabo; Hafez al Assad (1928-2000) statista e presidente della Siria dal 1971 al 2000; Hafiz-e Shirazi, poeta lirico e mistico persiano
Hafez Assad         
Hafez Assad (presidente della Siria dal 1971)
Hafez al Assad         
Hafez al Assad (1928-2000), statista e presidente della Siria dal 1971 al 2000.

Wikipedia

Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad (6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman and military officer who served as President of Syria from taking power in 1971 until his death in 2000. He was also Prime Minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971, as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Hafez al-Assad was a key participant in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in the country.

The new leadership appointed Assad as the commander of the Syrian Air Force. In February 1966, Assad participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party. Assad was appointed defence minister by the new government. Four years later, Assad initiated a third coup which ousted the de facto leader Salah Jadid and appointed himself as leader of Syria. Assad imposed various changes to the Ba'athist government when he took power. He subordinated state socialism for a mixed economic model and defended private property. Assad also abandoned the rhetoric of exporting "socialist revolution" by strengthening Syria's foreign relations with countries which his predecessor had deemed reactionary. Assad sided with the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc during the Cold War in return for support against Israel, and, while he had forsaken the pan-Arab concept of unifying the Arab world into one Arab nation, he sought to paint Syria as the defender of the Palestinians against Israel.

When he came to power, Assad organised the state along sectarian lines (Sunnis and non-Alawites became figure-heads of political institutions, while the Alawites took control of the military, intelligence, bureaucracy and security apparatuses). Ba'athist decision-making authority that had previously been collegial was reduced and given to the Syrian president. The Syrian government ceased to be a one-party system in the normal sense of the word, and was turned into a one-party dictatorship with a strong presidency. To maintain this system, a cult of personality centred on Assad and his family was created by the president and the Ba'ath party. Assad family’s cult of personality gradually eclipsed Ba’athist revolutionary ideals as the state's officially ideology. Assad ordered a military incursion into Lebanon in 1976, which resulted in the Syrian occupation of Lebanon until the Cedar Revolution in 2005. During his rule, Assad faced an Islamist uprising by the Muslim Brotherhood that was ultimately put down with the Hama massacre in February 1982.

After consolidating his personal authority over the Syrian government, Assad began looking for a successor. His first choice was his brother Rifaat, but Rifaat attempted to seize power in 1983–1984 when Hafez's health was in doubt. Rifaat was subsequently exiled when Hafez's health recovered. Hafez's next choice of successor was his eldest son, Bassel. However, Bassel died in a car accident in 1994, and Hafez turned to his third choice—his younger son Bashar, who at that time had no political experience. The move to appoint a member of his own family as his successor was met with criticism within some quarters of the Syrian ruling class, but Assad persisted with his plan and demoted officials who opposed this succession. Hafez died in 2000 and Bashar succeeded him as president.